A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group Maurits van Tulder, PhD,* Antti Malmivaara, MD, PhD† Rosmin Esmail, MSc,‡ and Bart Koes, PhD. Study Design. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. Summary of Background Data. Exercise therapy is a widely used treatment for low back pain. Objectives. …
Manohar M. Panjabi. Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticw U.S.A. Summary Presented here is the conceptual basis for the assertion that the spinal stabilizing system consists ofthree subsystems. The vertebrae, discs, and ligaments constitute the passive subsystem. All muscles and tendons surrounding the spinal column that can apply …
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